Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥mis
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Possibly from the root *wer- (“to turn, to bend”).[1] Alternatively, a mutation of the synonymous *kʷr̥mis.[2] Ancient Greek ὅρμικας pl (hórmikas, “ants”), Tocharian B warme (“ant”) and Sanskrit वम्र (vamrá, “ant”), traditionally linked to *morwi- (“ant”), may however point to a distinct root *worm-, which could be the source of *wr̥mis. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
*wr̥mis
Reconstruction notes
Several descendants appear to have been reshaped irregularly by a process such as taboo or analogy; compare the similar problems of *morwi- and *plúsis.
Inflection
Most likely originally *wórm- in the strong stem:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *wórmis | ||
| genitive | *wr̥méys | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *wórmis | *wórmih₁(e) | *wórmeyes |
| vocative | *wórmi | *wórmih₁(e) | *wórmeyes |
| accusative | *wórmim | *wórmih₁(e) | *wórmims |
| genitive | *wr̥méys | *? | *wr̥méyoHom |
| ablative | *wr̥méys | *? | *wr̥mímos, *wr̥míbʰos |
| dative | *wr̥méyey | *? | *wr̥mímos, *wr̥míbʰos |
| locative | *wr̥méy, *wr̥mḗy | *? | *wr̥mísu |
| instrumental | *wr̥míh₁ | *? | *wr̥mímis, *wr̥míbʰis |
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *wrimi
- Albanian: rrime
- Proto-Armenian:
- >? Old Armenian: որդն (ordn)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wārmi-, *wārmas
- Proto-Celtic:
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Welsh: gwraint
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Proto-Germanic: *wurmiz[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *wrómos
- Ancient Greek: ῥόμος (rhómos, “wood-worm”)
- Proto-Italic: *wormis
- Latin: vermis (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “worm”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vermis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 665
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “varmas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “wormyan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
- ^ G. H. F. Nesselmann (1873) “wormyan”, in Thesaurus linguae prussicae. Der preussische Vocabelvorrath (in German), Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung; Harrwitz & Gossmann, page 211
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wurmi-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600