Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáštraH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Feminine of **Háštram, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”), from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).

Noun

*HáštraH f^[1]

whip (for driving cattle)
goad

Declension

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HáštraH	*Háštray	*Háštrās
vocative	*Háštray	*Háštray	*Háštrās
accusative	*Háštrām	*Háštray	*Háštrās
instrumental	*HáštrayaH	*HáštraHbʰyā(m)	*HáštraHbʰiš
ablative	*HáštrayaHs	*HáštraHbʰyā(m)	*HáštraHbʰyas
dative	*HáštrayaHy	*HáštraHbʰyā(m)	*HáštraHbʰyas
genitive	*HáštrayaHs	*Háštrāyās	*HáštraHnām
locative	*HáštrayaH(m)	*Háštrāyaw	*HáštraHsu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH
- Sanskrit: अष्ट्रा (áṣṭrā)
Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)
- Middle Persian: (ʾštl /⁠aštar⁠/)^[2]

→ Ugric: *oćtɜrɜ (From earlier *HáĉtraH):^[3]
- Mansi:
  - Northern Mansi: (ɔ̄śtər)
- Hungarian: ostor

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ás.t.rā-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “aštar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
^ Entry #658 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

[IAIL-1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ás.t.rā-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “aštar”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13

[3] Entry #658 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

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