Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hr̥túš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ér-tus ~ *h₂r̥-téw-s, from *h₂er- (“to fix”).

Noun

*Hr̥túš m^[1]

fixed point of time, period, epoch
fixed order, rule

Inflection

masculine u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hr̥túš	*Hr̥túH	*Hr̥táwas
vocative	*Hŕ̥taw	*Hŕ̥tuH	*Hŕ̥tawas
accusative	*Hr̥túm	*Hr̥túH	*Hr̥túnš
instrumental	*Hr̥túH	*Hr̥túbʰyā(m)	*Hr̥túbʰiš
ablative	*Hr̥táwš	*Hr̥túbʰyā(m)	*Hr̥túbʰyas
dative	*Hr̥táway	*Hr̥túbʰyā(m)	*Hr̥túbʰyas
genitive	*Hr̥táwš	*Hr̥tuwā́s	*Hr̥tuHnáHam
locative	*Hr̥tā́w	*Hr̥tuwáw	*Hr̥túšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥túṣ
- Sanskrit: ऋतु (ṛtú) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥túš
- Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “judgement; period of time”)
- Khotanese: (rūtā, “season”)
- Sogdian: (/⁠rətu ~ ratu⁠/, “period of 10 seconds”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫤𐫇 (rtw), 𐫡𐫤𐫤𐫇 (rttw)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠rad⁠/, “chief, master; judge”)
  Book Pahlavi script: (lt')
  - Classical Persian: رد (rad, “sage, wise man”)
  - → Aramaic: ܪܕ (rd /⁠rad⁠/, “ruler”)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “r̥tú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 428

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “r̥tú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 428

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