Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰudʰnás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Adapted into a masculine a-stem noun from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ(m̥)nés, genitive singular of *bʰudʰmḗn n.

Noun

*bʰudʰnás m^[1]

bottom, ground

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bʰudʰnás	*bʰudʰnā́	*bʰudʰnā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*bʰudʰna	*bʰudʰnā́	*bʰudʰnā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*bʰudʰnám	*bʰudʰnā́	*bʰudʰnā́ns
instrumental	*bʰudʰnā́	*bʰudʰnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰudʰnā́yš
ablative	*bʰudʰnā́t	*bʰudʰnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰudʰnáybʰyas
dative	*bʰudʰnā́y	*bʰudʰnáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*bʰudʰnáybʰyas
genitive	*bʰudʰnásya	*bʰudʰnáyās	*bʰudʰnā́na(H)m
locative	*bʰudʰnáy	*bʰudʰnáyaw	*bʰudʰnáyšu

Derived terms

*abʰudʰnás (+ *a- (negative prefix))
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *abudʰnás
  - Sanskrit: अबुध्न (abudhná)
- Proto-Iranian: *abuHnáh
  - Middle Persian: (ʾbwn' /⁠abun⁠/)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *budʰnás
- Sanskrit: बुध्न (budhná)
  - Gujarati: બૂધું (būdhũ)
  - Marathi: बूड (būḍ)
Proto-Iranian: *buHnáh (“base, foundation”)^[2]^[3] (< *budnáh, assimilation of *d)
- Avestan: 𐬠𐬏𐬥𐬀 (būna)
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: (bwn' /⁠bun⁠/, “base, foundation, bottom”)
  
  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭥𐭭𐭩 (bʿny, “foundation”)
  
  Manichaean script: (bwn /⁠bun⁠/, “base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis”)
  - Persian: بن (bon)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: bin (“bottom”)
  
  Central Kurdish: بن (bin, “bottom”)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: (bwn /⁠bun⁠/, “base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis”)
- → Old Armenian: բուն (bun)
  - Armenian: բուն (bun)
  - → Lezgi: пун (pun)
  - → Old Georgian: ბუნი (buni)
    - Georgian: ბუნი (buni)
- → Ancient Greek: βύνη (búnē, “malt”)
- → Classical Syriac: ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā, “barley soaked in water”)
  - → Arabic: بُنّ (bunn, “coffee bean”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “budhná-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 186–190
^ Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 29

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “budhná-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 186–190

[3] Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN, page 29

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