Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/marwíš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *morwís.

The forms for Indo-Aryan and Nuristani (*warmíš, *wamrás), are from Proto-Indo-European *worm-. Compare Ancient Greek ὅρμικας pl (hórmikas, “ants”), Tocharian B warme.

Noun

*marwíš m

ant

Declension

masculine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*marwíš	*marwíH	*marwáyas
vocative	*marwáy	*marwíH	*marwáyas
accusative	*marwím	*marwíH	*marwī́n, -ī́š
instrumental	*marwíH́	*marwíbʰyām	*marwíbʰiš
ablative	*marwáyš	*marwíbʰyām	*marwíbʰyas
dative	*marwáyay	*marwíbʰyām	*marwíbʰyas
genitive	*marwáyš	*marwyáwš	*marwáyām?
locative	*marwā́(w)?	*marwyáwš	*marwíšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wamrás, *warmíṣ (reshaped due to taboo)
- Sanskrit: वम्र (vamrá, “ant”)
  ⇒ Sanskrit: वम्रिय (vamriya, “anthill”)
Proto-Iranian: *marwíš
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬌 (maoⁱri), 𐬨𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬍 (maoⁱrī)
- Baluchi: مور (mor)
- Gurani: مرۆچە (mirɔča)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: mêrî, mêrû, mîrî, mîro, morî, mûrî, mûrû
  
  Central Kurdish: مێروو (mêrû), مێروولە (mêrûle), مرۆچە (mroçe)
  
  Southern Kurdish: مرۊژ (mrüj)
  
  Laki: میرووژ (mîrûj)
- Middle Persian: (mwl /⁠mōr⁠/)^[1]
  - Persian: مور (môr, mur), مورچه (môrča, murče)
  - Tajik: мӯрча (mürča)
- Lurish:
  - Northern Luri: مرۊژ (meruž)
    Silakhori: مرۊج (meruj)
    
    Nahavandi: میریجاْ (mirija)
  - Bakhtiari: مریج (merij)
  - Southern Luri: مۊری (muri)
- Zazaki: morcela

Derived terms

*marwikás, *warmikás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *warmíHkas, *walmíHkas
  - Sanskrit: वल्मीक (valmī́ka, “anthill”)
    - Pali: vammika, vammīka
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀅 (vammia), 𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀻𑀅 (vammīa)
      - Hindi: बामी (bāmī, “anthill”)
- Proto-Iranian: *marwikáh
  - Digor Ossetian: мулдзуг (mulʒug)
  - Iron Ossetian: мӕлдзыг (mælʒyg)
  - Pashto: مېږى (meģáy)
  - Sogdian: (ymʾwrc)
- Proto-Nuristani: *wřammíkā
  - Northern Nuristani:
    - Kamkata-viri:
      Kamviri: řamík
      
      Kativiri: řamík
    - Prasuni: vómī, vōmigí
  - Southern Nuristani:
    - Ashkun: břamī́
*marwakás, *wamrakás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wamrakás
  - Sanskrit: वम्रक (vamraká)
- Proto-Iranian: *marwakáh
  - Khwarezmian: (zmwrk)
  - Khotanese: (muṃjaka)
  - Sogdian: (zmʾwrʾk /⁠zmōrē⁠/)

References

Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 24
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “marwíš”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Michiel Arnoud Cor de Vaan, The Avestan Vowels

^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[1] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

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