Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čášma

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čáćšma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéḱ-s-mn̥, from *kʷeḱ-.

Noun

*čášma n^[1]

eye

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (cašman)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *cašma
  - Old Ossetic: *casm (“loop, noose”)
    - Ossetian:
      Digor Ossetian: цанс (cans)
      Iron Ossetian: цасм (casm)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *cašma (“eye”)
    - Khotanese: (tcęimä)
    - Wakhi: č̣əẓ̌m
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: څم (cm /⁠cam⁠/)
  - Sogdian: (/⁠čašm⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (cšm)
    
    Sogdian script: 𐼿𐽁𐼺 (cšm)
    
    Syriac script: ܨܫܡ (cšm)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: (cām)
  - Sanglechi: (cāṃ)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: (cam)
    - Yidgha: څم (cam), چم (čam)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      - Sarikoli: cem
      - Shughni: цем (cēm), (Bartangi, Oroshori) цӣм (cīm), (Khufi) ца̄м (cām)
    - Yazghulami: ча̄м (čām)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: چم (čam)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: چاو (çaw)
  
  Northern Kurdish: çav
  
  Southern Kurdish: چاو (çaw), چەو (çew)
  
  Laki: چەم (çem)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: چشم (čəšm), چشم (čašm), چوشم (čušm), چوم (čum)
    - Mazanderani: چش (češ)
  - Old Median: *čašma
    - Kermanic:
      - Yazdi: چم (čem)
      - Zoroastrian Dari: چم (čam)
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Talysh: (/⁠čaš(m)⁠/)
        Arabic script: چش, چشم
        
        Latin script: çəş, çəşm
      - Old Tati:
        Old Azari: چشم (čušm, čašm)
        
        Harzani: چش (čoš)
        
        Karingani: چوش (čöš), چاش (čāš)
  - Parthian: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (čšm /⁠čašm⁠/)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    Gurani: چەم (čam)
    
    Zazaki: çım
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎨𐏁𐎠𐎶𐎴 (c-š-a-m-n /⁠cašman-⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠čašm⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫢𐫖 (čšm)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (AYNE), (čšm)
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮈𐮌𐮇 (AYNH̠)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: چٱش (čaš)
      
      Bakhtiari: چٱش (čaš)
    - Classical Persian: چشم (čašm)
      Dari: چشم (čašm)
      
      Iranian Persian: چشم (čašm, češm)
      
      Tajik: чашм (čašm)
      
      Tat: (čÿm)
      - → Pashto: چشم (čašm)
→ Arabic: جَحْمَة f (jaḥma) (Yemen, obsolete)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*čášman-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 238-241

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*čášman-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 238-241

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čášma

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Noun

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia