Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čaxrám

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám.

Noun

*čaxrám n

wheel

Inflection

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čaxrám	*čaxráy	*čaxráH
vocative	*čaxrám	*čaxráy	*čaxráH
accusative	*čaxrám	*čaxráy	*čaxráH
instrumental	*čaxrā́	*čaxráybyaH	*čaxrā́yš
ablative	*čaxrā́t	*čaxráybyaH	*čaxráybyah
dative	*čaxrā́y	*čaxráybyaH	*čaxráybyah
genitive	*čaxráhya	*čaxráyāh	*čaxrā́nam
locative	*čaxráy	*čaxráyaw	*čaxráyšu

Derived terms

*čaxrákah (“spinning wheel”)
- Baluchi: چہرگ (čahrag)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠čaxrag ~ čahrag⁠/)
  Book Pahlavi script: (cʾhlk')
  - Classical Persian: جهره (ǰahra), چهره (čahra)
    - Persian: چرخه (čarxe)
- Old Tati:
  Old Azari: چهره (čahra)
  - Harzani: چوهره (čohra, “spinning wheel; wheel”)
  - Karingani: چارا (čārā, “spinning wheel; wheel”)
    - → Azerbaijani: (/⁠čahra⁠/) (Tabriz dialect)
      Arabic script: چهره
      
      Latin script: çəhrə
- → Old Armenian: ճախարակ (čaxarak)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Ossetian: цалх (calx)
- Sogdian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫟𐫡 (cxr /⁠čaxr⁠/)
  
  Old Sogdian script: 𐼕𐼋𐼋𐼘 (ckkr /⁠čakr⁠/), 𐼕γ𐼘 (cγr /⁠čaxr⁠/)
  
  Syriac script: ܨܟܟܪ (ckkr /⁠čakr⁠/), ܨܮܪ (cγr /⁠čaxr⁠/)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: څرخ (carx)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: چہر (čahr), چرخ (čarx)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: çerx, çerxe
  
  Central Kurdish: چەرخ (çerx /⁠čarx⁠/)
  
  Southern Kurdish: چەرخ (çerx /⁠čarx⁠/)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: چرخ (čərx)
    - Old Mazanderani: چل (čal)
  - Old Median:
    - Kermanic:
      Kermanic: čaar
      
      Yazdi: čax
    - Old Tati:
      Old Azari: چرخ (čarx, “wheel; turning, rotation”)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫟𐫡 (cxr /⁠čaxr⁠/, “wheel, cycle”)
    - → Old Armenian: ճախր (čaxr, “turn, wheeling around”)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: چه‌رخ (çerx /⁠čarx⁠/)
    - Zazaki: çerx
Southwestern Iranian:
- Lurish
  - Northern Luri: چںرخ (čarx)
- Middle Persian: (“wheel”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫍𐫡 (chr /⁠čahr⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: چرخ (čarx)
    - Dari: چرخ (čarx)
    - Iranian Persian: چرخ (čarx)
    - Tajik: чарх (čarx)
      - → Yagnobi: чарх (čarx)