Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácwah

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

    Noun

    *Hácwah m[1][2][3]

    1. horse

    Inflection

    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *Hácwah *Hácwā *Hácwā
    vocative *Hácwa *Hácwā *Hácwā
    accusative *Hácwam *Hácwā *Hácwānh
    instrumental *Hácwā *HácwaybyaH *Hácwāyš
    ablative *Hácwāt *HácwaybyaH *Hácwaybyah
    dative *Hácwāy *HácwaybyaH *Hácwaybyah
    genitive *Hácwahya *Hácwayāh *Hácwānam
    locative *Hácway *Hácwayaw *Hácwayšu

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: (yōsp), (yosp)
        • Yidgha: (yā̌sp), (yasp)
      • Ormuri-Parachi:
        • Ormuri:
          Kaniguram: (yāsp), (yansp)
          Logar: (yâsp)
        • Parachi: ȫsp
      • Pathan: *ā́sᵽă-[3]
        • Pashto:
          Afridi:  m (wā̊s),  f (wā̊spa)
          Pashto: آس (ās), اس m (as), اسپه f (áspa)
          Waziri:  m (wōs),  f (wōspa)
        • Waneci: (ās)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi:
        Eastern Balochi: اسپ (asp)
        Western Balochi: اپس (aps)
      • Kurdish:
      • Medo-Parthian:
        • Gurani: ئەسپ (asp)
        • Komisenian:
          • Biyabanaki: (asp)
          • Lasgerdi: (asb)
          • Sangisari: (asb), اسم (asm)
          • Sorkhei: (äsp), (äsm)
        • Old Median: *aspah
          • Middle Median: *asp
            • Kermanic:
              • Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Khunsari, Natanzi, Zefrehi: asm
              • Natanzi, Yazdi, Yarandi: asb
              • Nayini: äsp
              • Qohrudi, Vonishuni: asp
              • Soi: äs
            • Sivandi: usūr
            • Tatic:
              • Southern Tati: (asb)
              • Talysh: асп
          • Semnani: (äsp)
          • → Akkadian:
            → Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒀪 (as-pa-ʾ /⁠aspaʾ⁠/)
          • → Khinalug: спа (spa)
          • → Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /⁠aspaʰ⁠/)
            • Middle Persian: 𐭮𐭥𐭮𐭩𐭠 (SWSYA /⁠asp⁠/)
              • Bakhtiari: (asp)
              • Classical Persian: اسپ (asp)
              • → Southwestern Fars:
                Masarami: (äsp), (äsb)
                Samghani: (asp)
              • → Larestani: ('asp)
              • → Southern Luri: (asp)
        • Tabari:
          • Gilaki: (asp), (asb)
          • Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
            • Mazanderani: (asb)
            • Shahmirzadi: (asp), (asb)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
    • → Proto-Northeast Caucasian: *ʼɨčʷe[4]
    • → Proto-Circassian: *č'ʷə[4]
    • → Georgian: აჩუ (aču), აჩო (ačo), ჰაჩო (hačo, “urge on horses”), აცე (ace, “urge on donkeys”), აჩუა (ačua, “horse”) (nursery word)[4]
    • → Mingrelian: აჩუ (aču, “urge on horses; horse”), აჩუა (ačua, “horse”) (nursery word)
    • → Tocharian B: etswe

    References

    1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*āśu̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 243-246
    2. ^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 124
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Witzel, Michael (2003) Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 20
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