Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/bráHtā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Noun

*bráHtā m

brother

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*bráHtā	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHtarah
vocative	*bráHtar	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHtarah
accusative	*bráHtaram	*bráHtarā(w)	*bráHθrah
instrumental	*bráHθraH	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰiš
ablative	*bráHtr̥š	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
dative	*bráHθray	*bráHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*bráHtr̥bʰyaH
genitive	*bráHtr̥š	*bráHtr̥Hāh	*bráHθraHam
locative	*bráHtari	*bráHtr̥Haw	*bráHtr̥hu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *brā́tā
  - Ossetian:
    - Digor Ossetian: ӕрвадӕ (ærvadæ)
    - Iron Ossetian: ӕрвад (ærvad)
  - Proto-Saka: *brātāh
    - Khotanese: 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀢𑁂 (brāte)
    - Tumshuqese: (brāḏe)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: βραδο (brado /⁠βrād⁠/), βαραδο (barado /⁠βᵊrād⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾲𐿂𐾰𐾴 (βrʾd /⁠βrād⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *βrāt
    - Sogdian: (/ᵊβrāt(ər)/)
      Buddhist: (βrʾt), (ʾβrʾtr)
      Christian: ܒܪܐܬ (brʾṯ)
      Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫤 (βrʾt)
      Sogdian script: 𐼱𐽀𐼰𐽂 (βrʾt)
    - Yagnobi: vⁱrṓt
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: ورور (wror), رور (“ror”)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *vᵊrǣd
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *vᵊrə̄y
    - Munji: (vᵊrâi)
    - Yidgha: (vrai)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *vᵊrǣd
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *vⁱröd
      - Shughni: вирод (virōd)
      - Sarikoli: virud
    - Yazghulami: вред (vred), вәред (vəred)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: برات (brát), براس (brás)
- Kurdish
  Northern Kurdish: bira, bra
  
  Central Kurdish: برا (bra)
  
  Southern Kurdish: برا (bra)
  
  Laki: برا (bra)
- Mazanderani: برار (birâr)
- Old Median:
  - Middle Median:
    - Kermanic:
      - Khunsari: birā́
      - Mahallati: berā, birṓ
      - Nayini: bīyā́r, bīā́r
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /⁠brād⁠/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /⁠brādar⁠/)
- Old Tati:
  - Vafsi: berā
- Zazaki: bıra
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐎠𐎫𐎠 (b-r-a-t-a /⁠brātā⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅 (brʾd /⁠brād⁠/), 𐫁𐫡𐫀𐫅𐫡 (brʾdr /⁠brādar⁠/)
    Book Pahlavi script: (AH), (blʾt' /⁠brād⁠/), (blʾtl' /⁠brādar⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: برادر (barādar)
      - Dari: برادر (birādar, barādar), بیادر (biyādar)
      - Hazaragi: برار (birṓr)
      - Iranian Persian: برادر (berâdar, barâdar)
      - Tajik: бародар (barodar)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: برادر (birader), براذر (bürazer, birazer)
        Turkish: birader, biladar, bilader, bilâzer, bilezer (dialectal)
        → Albanian: birazer, byrazer, bilazer, birazel, burazer
        →⇒ Armenian: Պիլեզերյան (Pilezeryan), Պիլզերյան (Pilzeryan)
        →⇒ Bulgarian: Билезер (Bilezer), Билезеров (Bilezerov), Билядеров (Biljaderov)
        → Serbo-Croatian: бура́зер / burázer

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 173

[1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 173