Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hižwáH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.

Noun

*hižwáH

Inflection

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*hižwáH	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
vocative	*hižway	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
accusative	*hižwā́m	*hižwáy	*hižwā́h
instrumental	*hižwáyaH	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbiš
ablative	*hižwáyaHh	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbyah
dative	*hižwáyaHy	*hižwáHbyā	*hižwáHbyah
genitive	*hižwáyaHh	*hižwā́yāh	*hižwáHnām
locative	*hižwáyaH	*hižwā́yaw	*hižwáHsu

Derived terms

*hižwáHkaH

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: ژبه (žəba)
- Sarikoli: ziv
- Shughni-Roshani:
  - Roshani: (ziv)
  - Shughni: (ziv)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi:
  Eastern Balochi: زوان (zawán), زوان (zawán)
  
  Southern Balochi: زبان (zibán)
  
  Western Balochi: زبان (zubán)
- Kurdish:
  - Central Kurdish: زِمان (ziman)
  - Northern Kurdish: ziman, ezman
  - Southern Kurdish: زِوان (ziwan), زووان (zuwan)
  - Laki: زووان (zuwan)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *hižwā́
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: زوان (zovān), زوون (zevan)
    - Mazanderani: زوون (zëvun), زبون (zëbun)
    - Old Gorgani: ژوان (žovān), زوان (zovān)
  - Old Median:
    - Alviri-Vidari: زووان (zuvān)
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Talysh:
        Central Talysh: زون (zun)
        
        Northern Talysh: zıvon
        
        Southern Talysh: زون (zavon)
      - Old Tati:
        Old Azari: زوان (zawān)
        
        Harzani: زوهون (zuhun)
        
        Karingani: زیون (zivun)
        
        Kalasuri: زوان (zuân)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉𐫁𐫀𐫗 (ʿzbʾn /⁠izβān⁠/)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: زوان (ziwan, zwān), زووان (zuwan)
    - Zazaki: zıwan (zewān), zon, zun, zong
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐏃𐏀𐎠 (h-z-a /⁠hizāna⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫗 (ʿzwʾn /⁠izwān⁠/)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (ʾwzwʾn' /⁠uzwān⁠/), (zwbʾn' /⁠zuwān⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: زفان (zufān), زڤان (zuβān~zaβān) , زبان (zobân, zabân)
      - Iranian Persian: زبان (zabān)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: زۊن (zevö)
      - Nahavandi: زۆ (zö)
        
        Silakhori: زڤۆ (zevow)
      Bakhtiari: زۊن (zun)
      
      Southern Luri: زۊن (zun)
    - Judeo-Tat:
      Cyrillic script: зугьун (zuhun)
      
      Hebrew script: זוהון
      
      Latin script: zuhun
    - Tajik: забон (zabon)