Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/káwfš

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kewHp- (“heap; to heap”). Cognate with Sanskrit कूप (kūpa, “well, hole”), Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), Old High German hubil, Old Saxon huvil (“hill”), Lithuanian kaũpas (“heap”), kaupiù (“to heap”).

Noun

*káwfš ~ kupás

  1. hill, mountain
    Synonym: *gr̥Híš
  2. hump (of a camel)

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kawfah (thematized)

Derived terms

  • *káwfaHnah
    • Parachi: (kō̈pân)
    • Ishkashimi: (kufon)
    • Shughni: кӯфу̊н (kūfū̊n), (Roshani) кӯпон (kūpōn, “camel's hump”)
    • Semnani: (kopān)
    • Classical Persian: کوهان (kōhān)
      Iranian Persian: کوهان (kuhân)
      Tajik: кӯҳон (kühon)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *kuβi
      • ⇒ Proto-Sarmatian: *kuβya
        • Alanic: *kuppæ
          • Ossetian:
            Iron Ossetian: къупп (k’upp, “hill”)
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *kuβi
        • Khotanese: (kuvä, “heap”)
        • Wakhi: kəp (“hump”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri: (kūp)
    • Pashto: کوب (kub, kwab)
    • Sanglechi: (kīf)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: (kīfa)
        • Yidgha: (ḱifa)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
  • Northwestern Iranian:
  • Southwestern Iranian:

References

  1. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “kuvaa-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 63
  2. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 371
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “kəp”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 217-218
  4. ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204: “Ir. *kau̯fa-”
  5. ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “kwab”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
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