Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/máHtā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *máHtār, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.

Noun

*máHtā f

mother

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*máHtā	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtarah
vocative	*máHtar	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtarah
accusative	*máHtaram	*máHtarā(w)	*máHθrah
instrumental	*máHθraH	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰiš
ablative	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
dative	*máHθray	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
genitive	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥Hāh	*máHθraHam
locative	*máHtari	*máHtr̥Haw	*máHtr̥hu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Digor Ossetian: мадӕ (madæ)
- Iron Ossetian: мад (mad)
- Sogdo-Bacterian:
  - Bactrian: μαδο (mado)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠māt⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫤 (mʾt)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼰𐽂𐼳 (mʾth)
      
      Syriac script: ܡܐܬ (mʾt), ܡܐܬܗ (mʾth)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: مور (mor), مېر (mer)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: (mad)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: مات (mát)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: mak, marî
  
  Central Kurdish: ماک (mak)
  
  Southern Kurdish: ماێەر (maÿer) (perhaps influenced by Median or Old Azari)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: مر (mar), مار (mār)
    - Old Mazanderani: مار (mār)
      - Mazanderani: مار (mār)
    - Gorgani مار (mār)
  - Old Median:
    - Kermanic:
      - Zoroastrian Dari: مذر (mozer), مار (mâr)
      - Nayini: mā, maī
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Talysh:
        Arabic script: ما (mā), موئه (mua)
        
        Latin script: ma (mā), mua
      - Old Tati:
        Old Azari: مادر (mādar)
        
        Eshtehardi: مار (mār)
        
        Ramandi: مایه (māya)
  - Parthian: (/⁠māδ(ar)⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: ماما (māmā, “grand mother”)
    - Zazaki: may, mayer
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /⁠mātā⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠mād(ar)⁠/)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mʾtʿ)
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)
    - Persian: مادر (mâdar)
      - → Urdu: مادر (mādar)
      - → Hindi: मादर (mādar)

References

Julian Kreidl (2021) “Lambdacism and the development of Old Iranian *t in Pashto”, in Iran and the Caucasus: “*mā́tar”