Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/paridayjah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

*parādáyjah

Etymology

From *pari- (“around”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pari-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-, + *dáyjah (“wall”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form”).

Noun

*paridayjah

circular boundary wall; place enclosed by a circular boundary wall
garden

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*paridayjah	*paridayjā(w)	*paridayjāh(ah)
vocative	*paridayja	*paridayjā(w)	*paridayjāh(ah)
accusative	*paridayjam	*paridayjā(w)	*paridayjānh
instrumental	*paridayjaH	*paridayjaybʰyā(m)	*paridayjāyš
ablative	*paridayjāt	*paridayjaybʰyā(m)	*paridayjaybʰyah
dative	*paridayjāy	*paridayjaybʰyā(m)	*paridayjaybʰyah
genitive	*paridayjahya	*paridayjayāh	*paridayjānaHam
locative	*paridayjay	*paridayjayaw	*paridayjayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⸱𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (paⁱri.daēza)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Bactrian: (prdyjg, prdyźg)
- Khwarezmian: (prdyz)
- Sogdian: (prδyz /⁠parδēz⁠/)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: پەرێز (perêz)
  
  Northern Kurdish: parêz, parîz
- Old Median: *pariδayzah
  - Middle Median: *pālēz
    - ⇒ Middle Median: *pālēzag
      - Kermanic: پآلیزه (pâliza) (Naraqi)
  - → Old Persian: *paridayzah
    - → Middle Persian: *pālēz, *pardēz
      - Classical Persian: پالیز (pâlēz)
        Dari: پالیز (pâlêz)
        Iranian Persian: پالیز (pâliz)
        Tajik: полиз (poliz)
        → Arabic: فالِيز (fālīz)
      - → Old Armenian: պարտէզ (partēz) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Akkadian: 𒌓𒁲𒂊𒋢 (/⁠pardēsu⁠/) (< Late OP /*pardēzə/)
    - → Aramaic: (< Late OP /*pardēzə/)
      Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܦܘܪܕܝܣܐ
      Classical Mandaic: (pardasa), (pardisa)
      Classical Syriac: ܦܪܕܝܣܐ (pardaysā)
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פַּרְדֵּיסָא (pardēsā)
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: פַּרְדֵּיסָא (pardēsā) (absolutive: פַּרְדֵּס (pardēs))
      - → Hebrew: פַּרְדֵּס (pardēs)
      - → Middle Persian: *pardēs
        Classical Persian: پردیس (pardēs)
        Dari: پردیس (pardēs)
        Iranian Persian: پردیس (pardīs)
        Tajik: пардес (pardes)
        → Arabic: فَرْدِيس (fardīs)
    - → Ancient Greek: παράδεισος (parádeisos) (see there for further descendants)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎶 (p-r-d-y-d-a-m /⁠paradayadām⁠/) (see there for further descendants)

References

Brandenstein, Wilhelm, Mayrhofer, Manfred (1964) Handbuch des Altpersischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, pages 8, 137
Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 103
Eilers, Wilhelm (1962) “Iranisches Lehngut im arabischen Lexikon”, in Indo-Iranian Journal‎ (in German), volume 5, number 3, →DOI, pages 206, 223
Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 179
Janda, Michael (2004) Die Sprache Der Meder (dissertation)‎ (in German), University of Zurich, page 106
Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 314–315
“prds”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2016-03-23

External links

Paradise garden on Wikipedia.Wikipedia