Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wicápuθrah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wícš (“household”) +‎ *puθráh (“son”).

Noun

*wicápuθrah^[1]

prince

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wicápuθrah	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrā
vocative	*wicápuθra	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrā
accusative	*wicápuθram	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrānh
instrumental	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθrāyš
ablative	*wicápuθrāt	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθraybyah
dative	*wicápuθrāy	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθraybyah
genitive	*wicápuθrahya	*wicápuθrayāh	*wicápuθrānam
locative	*wicápuθray	*wicápuθrayaw	*wicápuθrayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬋𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (vīsōpuθra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: (basīvaraa, gen.sg.)
- → Tocharian B: *gusápuhra^[2]
  - Sanskrit: गौशुर (gauśura) (Kučā)
    - → Burushaski: گُشپُر (guśpúr)^[3]
    - Gandhari: 𐨒𐨂𐨭𐨂𐨪𐨐𐨅𐨱𐨁 (guśurakehi)
    - Kroränian: (guśura)
    - Shina: (gušpūr)
    - → Tibetan: (gau-śa-ra)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: bispor, pispor, pisporr (“specialist”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Old Median: *wisapuθrah^[4]^[5]
    - → Demotic: wyspwṱr^[5]
    - → Classical Syriac: ܘܣܦܪܐ (wsprʾ, “nobles”)^[6]
  - Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (wyspwhr /⁠wispuhr⁠/)
    - → Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: (wʾspwhl /⁠wāspuhr⁠/)^[7] (vr̥ddhi derivation)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡 (wyspwhr /⁠wispuhr⁠/)
      - → Old Armenian: վասպուրական (vaspurakan), Վասպուրական (Vaspurakan)
  - → Old Armenian: սեպուհ (sepuh)
    - → Old Georgian: სეფე (sepe)
  - → Elamite: 𒈪𒅖𒃻𒁍𒅖𒊏 (mi-iš-šá-pu-iš-ra), 𒈪𒅖𒃻𒁍𒌓𒊏 (mi-iš-šá-pu-ut-ra)^[5]^[4]
  - → Old Georgian: საზეპურო (sazeṗuro)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *viθapuçah^[4]
  - → Elamite: 𒈪𒊓𒁍𒅖𒃻 (mi-sa-pu-iš-šá), 𒈪𒊓𒁍𒃻𒅖𒁁 (mi-sa-pu-šá-iš-be, pl.)^[5]
  - → Sogdian: (/⁠wispišē⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫢𐫛𐫢𐫏 (wyšpšy)
    
    Sogdian script: (wyspyδrʾk)

References

^ Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “vāspuhr”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 205
^ Tremblay, Xavier (2005) “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, number 3, page 430
^ Hermann Berger (1990) “BURUSHASKI”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Hinz, Walther (1975) “*visapuθra-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 436
^ Claudia A. Ciancaglini, Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2008) ܘܣܦܪܐ .
^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վասպուրական”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 310b

[1] Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “vāspuhr”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 205

[2] Tremblay, Xavier (2005) “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, number 3, page 430

[3] Hermann Berger (1990) “BURUSHASKI”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York

[Hinz-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Hinz, Walther (1975) “*visapuθra-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[Tavernier-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 436

[6] Claudia A. Ciancaglini, Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2008) ܘܣܦܪܐ .

[7] Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “վասպուրական”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 310b

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