Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwáypati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwáypati, from Proto-Indo-European *kswéyp-e-ti, from *ksweybʰ- ~ *ksweyp- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).^[1]

*xšwáypati^[2]

1. to vibrate, tremble, shake
2. to whip, lash

• *fraxšwáypati
  • Wakhi: rәšъíp, rәšíp (“to whip”)

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Yagnobi: žívta (“to whip”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Gurani: (šewiāy)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: šēwā, -šēw- (“to be excited”)

  • Parthian:

    Parthian: 𐫀𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (ʾʾšyft), 𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎 (ʾšyfṯ /⁠āšift⁠/, “to trouble, vex”, pp.)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫁𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫅 (šybynyd /⁠šēb-⁠/, “to move quickly, to be stirred up, to be confused”)

    Book Pahlavi script: (ˣšypynd /⁠šēbēnd⁠/, “to be mixed, stirred up”, 3pl.pres.)

    • Persian: شیبیدن (šêbidan), شیویدن (šīwīdan, “to be mixed; to mix; to tremble, shake”)