Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ezom

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. Perfect indicatives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”), from *bʰuH-.

Verb

*ezom or *som first-singular present indicative

to be

Conjugation

Inflection of *ezom (irregular, athematic)
Present	som / ezom
Perfect	*fūai
Aorist	—
Past participle	—
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	som / ezom	—
2nd sing.	*es	—
3rd sing.	*est	—
1st plur.	*(e?)somos	—
2nd plur.	*(e?)stes	—
3rd plur.	*sent	—

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*ezom	—
2nd sing.	*ezes	—
3rd sing.	*ezed	—
1st plur.	*ezomos	—
2nd plur.	*ezetes	—
3rd plur.	*ezend	—

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	*fūai
2nd sing.	*fūistai
3rd sing.	*fūe(d)
1st plur.	*fūomos
2nd plur.	*fūistes
3rd plur.	*fūēri

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*es	—
2nd plur.	*este	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*estōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*sēnts	—

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	—	*essi

Descendants

Faliscan: 𐌄𐌔𐌞 (esú), 𐌄𐌔𐌞𐌌 (esúm)
Old Latin: esom, som
- Latin: sum (Varro notes also esum) (see there for further descendants)
Oscan: 𐌔𐌞𐌌 (súm)
South Picene: 𐌄𐌔·𐌌 (es m)
Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌖 (esu)
Volscian: estu
Pre-Samnite: 𐌄𐌔𐌖𐌌
Hernican: 𐌄𐌔𐌖 (esu)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 599

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 599