Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kaweō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From earlier *kawejō, from the causative/iterative *(s)kowh₁-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive, pay attention”).

Verb

*kaweō first-singular present indicative^[1]

to beware, to be mindful of

Inflection

Inflection of *kaweō (second conjugation causative)
Present	*kaweō
Perfect	—
Aorist	—
Past participle	*kawetos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kaweō	*kaweōr
2nd sing.	*kawēs	*kawēzo
3rd sing.	*kawēt	*kawētor
1st plur.	*kawēmos	*kawēmor
2nd plur.	*kawētes	*kawēm(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*kaweont	*kaweontor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kaweām	*kaweār
2nd sing.	*kaweās	*kaweāzo
3rd sing.	*kaweād	*kaweātor
1st plur.	*kaweāmos	*kaweāmor
2nd plur.	*kaweātes	*kaweām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*kaweānd	*kaweāntor

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*kawē	*kawēzo
2nd plur.	*kawēte	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*kawētōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*kawēnts	*kawetos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*kawetum	*kawēzi

Descendants

Latin: caveō
Umbrian: 𐌊𐌖𐌕𐌄𐌚 (kutef) (present participle of stative verb derived from the past participle)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 101

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 101

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