Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/wo

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 This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Possibly related to *we (“man”) and *wi (“boar”).

Noun

*wo

  1. man; male
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 男 (wo, “man”)
    • Japanese: 男 (o) (in compounds)
  • Old Japanese: 雄 (wo, “male”)
    • Japanese: 雄 (o) (in compounds)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo (“male”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Kunigami: 雄物 (wūmun)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 雄 (wū)
      • ⇒ Okinawan: 雄物 (wūmun)
      • ⇒ Southern Amami Ōshima: 雄物 (wūmun)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Yonaguni: 雄節 (ūbushi)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • Accent class: 2.1

Noun

*wo

  1. cord

Descendants

  • Old Japanese: 緒 (wo)
    • Japanese: 緒 (o, Heian HH, Tokyo 1 , Kyoto 1 (ZAJ)/0 (NKD2), Kagoshima A (perhaps accent irregularity is influenced by Japanese 尾 (o, “tail”)?)[1][2])
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 緒 (wū, ū, gū)
      • Kunigami: 緒 (wū /⁠wúː⁠/)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 緒 (wū, in compounds)
      • Okinawan: 緒 (wū /⁠wûː⁠/)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima: 緒 (wu /⁠wùˑ⁠/)
      • Yoron: 緒 (pū /⁠pùː⁠/)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 緒 (bū)
      • Yaeyama: 緒 (bū /⁠bûː⁠/)
      • Yonaguni: 緒 (bū /⁠búː⁠/)

Etymology 3

Particle

*wo

  1. accusative marker
  2. away from, off
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: を (wo)
    • Japanese: を (o)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *wo
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Okinawan: ゆ (yu) (archaic, literary)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: う (u), ゆ (yu)
      • Yaeyama: ゆ (yu) (literary)

References

  1. ^ “お［を］ 【緒】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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