Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ʒ₁aqw-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

The Georgian term, unattested in Old Georgian, was recorded in the older form of ძაჴუელი (ʒaqueli) by Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani which matches phonetically with Svan. In Georgian the meaning shifted.

*ʒ₁aqw-

1. birch (Betula)

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: *ძაჴუელი (*ʒaqueli, “guelder rose (Viburnum opulus)”)
    • Georgian: ძახველი (ʒaxveli)
• ⇒ Svan: ჟაჴუ̂ა̈რ (žaqûär, “birch (Betula)”), ჟა̈ჴუ̂რა (žäqûra), ჟაჴუ̂ე̄რ (žaqûēr)

• Gigineišvili, Bakar (1972) “Kartveluri eṭimologiebi [Kartvelian etymologies]”, in Macne: enisa da liṭeraṭuris seria (in Georgian), number 3, Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 151―152
• Orbeliani, Sulxan-Saba (1685–1716) “ძაჴუელი”, in S. Iordanišvili, editor, Siṭq̇vis ḳona kartuli, romel ars leksiḳoni [Collection of Georgian words, that is a dictionary]‎, Tbilisi: Georgian SSR print, published 1949, page 438a
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 284
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 603