Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/Lam-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *c̣₁am- (Klimov)

*Lam- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

1. morning

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Laz: ჭუმანი (ç̌umani, “tomorrow; morning”), ოჭუმე (oç̌ume) — Atina, Vizha, ჭუმე (ç̌ume) — Vitse, ჭუმანიშე (ç̌umanişe) — Vitse–Arkabi, ჭუმენ (ç̌umen) — Chkhala, Batumi
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ჭუმე (č̣ume, “tomorrow”), ჭუმანი (č̣umani), ოჭმარე (oč̣mare, “morning”)
• Svan: ჰამ (ham, “morning”)

• Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, pages 201–203
• Schmidt, Karl Horst (1961) “Sibilanten- und Affrikatenkorrespondenzen in den Kartwelsprachen”, in Bedi Kartlisa (in German), volumes XI–XII, Paris, page 151 of 149―163
• Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 160
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*c̣₁am-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 306
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*Lam-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 738–739
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*Lam-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 725–726