Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/c̣wel-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*c̣wel-

1. dry stem, chaff, stem, stalk

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: წუელი (c̣ueli)
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Laz: წუ (ǯu, “stalk, chaff, bran”), ოწვალე (oǯvale, “barn (for chaff, bran)”)
    • Mingrelian: წუ (c̣u, “stalk, chaff, bran”)
  • →? Old Armenian: ծիլ (cil), ծիղ (cił), ծիւղ (ciwł) (see there for further descendants)
• Svan: წუ̂ი (c̣ûi)

• Klimov, G. A. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 243, correctly translates Laz ოწვალე (oǯvale) as Russian мякинник (mjakinnik)
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 294–295, incorrectly translates Laz ოწვალე (oǯvale) as English chaff
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 640–641
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 622–623
• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 367, further connects with irregular Mingrelian ჭვალი (č̣vali, “id.”), ჭოლი (č̣oli)