Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/grc̣q̇il-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Georgian and Zan match each other regularly.

Svan, undoubtedly related here, undergoes an obscure ზ ← *გრ (z ← *gr) transformation which Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe attempt to explain like this:

1. *გიწყილ- ← *გ(რ)წყილ- (*gic̣q̇il- ← *g(r)c̣q̇il-)
2. *გიწყ- ← *გიწყიუ̂- ← *გიწყილ- (*gic̣q̇- ← *gic̣q̇iû- ← *gic̣q̇il-)

   the transformation of word-final *ლ (*l) into უ̂ (û) is regular, as is the occasional loss of word-final უ̂ (û) itself

3. *გისყ- ← *გიწყ- (*gisq̇- ← *gic̣q̇-), for deaffrication of წ (c̣) in a წყ (c̣q̇) consonant cluster compare:
   1. ბა̈სყ (bäsq̇) ← Proto-Kartvelian *marc̣q̇w- (“strawberry”)
   2. ლი-სყ-ი (li-sq̇-i) ← Proto-Kartvelian *c̣q̇(w)- (“to arrange”)
4. *ჯისყ- ← *გისყ- (*ǯisq̇- ← *gisq̇-), for affrication of ჯ ← *გ (ǯ ← *g) compare:
   1. ლი-ჯიშ (li-ǯiš) ← Proto-Kartvelian *gwas₁- (“to weave”)
   2. ლი-ჯა̈ბ (li-ǯäb) ← Proto-Kartvelian *gab- (“to cook”)
5. ზჷსყ ~ ზისყ ← *ჯისყ- (zəsq̇ ~ zisq̇ ← *ǯisq̇-)

*g(r)c̣q̇il- / *grc̣q̇-il-

1. flea

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: გრწყილი (grc̣q̇ili)
    • Georgian: რწყილი (rc̣q̇ili), გირწყილი (girc̣q̇ili) — Khevsureti, პწყილი (ṗc̣q̇ili) — Guria, წყილი (c̣q̇ili)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: მწკირი (mǯǩiri), მწკიი (mǯǩii), მწირი (mǯiri)
    • Mingrelian: წყირი (c̣q̇iri), წყჷრი (c̣q̇əri)
• Svan: ზჷსყ (zəsq̇), ზისყ (zisq̇)

• Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*grc̣q̇il-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 6
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sardshweladse, Surab (1995) “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.29) (in German), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, pages 91–92
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*grc̣q̇-il-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 33
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 151–152
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 113–114

• Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 129
• Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*għV̆rc̣V”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers, compared to Proto-Kartvelian root
• Čuxua, Merab (2007) “*girc̣q̇-”, in Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 309, proposes a slightly simplified archetype which still however has to undergo ზ ← *გ (z ← *g) transformation in Svan; further compares Chechen гирз (girz, “scabies, itch”), Ingush гирз (girz, “id.”)
• Čuxua, Merab (2019) “*girc̣q̇-”, in Manana Mač̣avariani, Manana Buḳia, editors, Georgian–Circassian–Apkhazian Etymological Dictionary (expanded edition)‎, Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 148, compares Adyghe чачӏа (čaĉʼa, “nit (louse)”), Kabardian чачӏа (čaĉʼa, “id”), Abkhaz а-каҵа́ (a-kʼacʼá, “bedbug”), Abaza каҵа (“id.”)