Reconstruction:Proto-Northeast Caucasian/ruƛ̣(V) ~ *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V)

	A user has added this reconstruction entry to requests for deletion(+).
	Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this reconstruction entry while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.

This Proto-Northeast Caucasian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• #...ƛʼ... / #...ƛƛʼ..., class 4^[1]
• Starostin & Nikolayev (1994) splits up this cognate set, seeing some forms as from *ʔrĕg_wĔ and others from *rɨḳwV.^[2][3]

*ruƛ̣(V) ~ *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V) (class 4) /rutɬʼ(V)/ ~ /rutɬːʼ(V)/ (oblique stem *rɨƛ̣wV́- /rɨˈtɬʼw(V)/- ~ *rɨƛ̣ƛ̣wV́- /rɨˈtɬːʼw(V)/-)

1. yoke

• From *ruƛ̣(V), *rɨƛ̣wV́-
  • Proto-Nakh: *duq̇ class 4 (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tsezian: *ruƛ̣u (oblique stem *rɨƛ̣(w)e-)
    • Hunzib: riƛ̣u
    • Bezhta: ruƛ̣o
    • Tsez: raʕƛ̣u
    • Hinukh: roƛ̣i
  • Lak: duḳ
  • Dargwa: duḳ

• From *ruƛ̣ƛ̣(V), *rɨƛ̣ƛ̣wV́-
  • Proto-Avaro-Andian:
    • Andi: рукьо class 4 (rukkˡʼo)
    • Avar: рукь class 3 (rukkˡʼ)

• Schrijver, Peter (2021) “A history of the vowel systems of the Nakh languages (East Caucasian), with special reference to umlaut in Chechen and Ingush”, in Languages of the Caucasus‎, volume 5, →DOI, →ISSN, page 138: “*duqʾ”