Reconstruction:Proto-Philippine/daʀum

This Proto-Philippine entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.

• IPA^(key): /daʀum/

*daʀum

1. needle

• Batanic
  • Ivatan: rayem, marrayem
  • Yami: rayom
• Northern Luzon
  • Cagayan Valley
    • Ibanagic
      • Itawit: dahum
  • Ilocano: dagum, dagum-dagum (“stinger”)
    • → Dupaningan Agta: dagum
  • Meso-Cordilleran
    • Southern Cordilleran
      • West Southern Cordilleran:
        • Pangasinan: dagom, dagum
  • Northeastern Luzon
    • Dumagat
      • Casiguran Dumagat Agta: digum, gadigum
• Central Luzon
  • Kapampangan: karayum
    • → Sambali: karayom
    • → Tagalog: karayom
• Greater Central Philippine
  • Central Philippine
    • Bikol
      • Coastal Bikol
        • Bikol Central: dagom
      • Inland Bikol
        • Iriga Bicolano: dagom
      • Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: dagom
    • Bisayan
      • Cebuano: dagom, dinagom
      • Central Bisayan:
        • Hiligaynon: dagum
      • Southern Bisayan:
        • Tausug: jawm
      • Western Bisayan
        • Aklanon: dagom
        • Kinaray-a: dagom
    • Mansakan
      • Mandaya
        • Mansaka: dagum
  • Southern Mangyan
    • Hanunoo: dayum
  • Danao
    • Maguindanao: ragum
    • Maranao: ragom
• Manobo
  • Binukid: ragum
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: ragum
• South Mindanao
  • Tboli: dalum, dmalum
  • Tiruray: darum
• Sangiric
  • Sangir: dahung, darahung
• Minahasan
  • North Minahasan
    • Tontemboan: raum-raum
• Gorontalo-Mongondow
  • Mongondow: dodagum, modagum (“to sew”), tumondodagum (“to be needle-shaped”)
  • Ponosakan: dorahum