Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔurḫ-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔurḫ- m or f

  1. road

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *ʔurḫ-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ʔurḫum *ʔurḫāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ʔurḫam *ʔurḫayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ʔurḫim
possessive forms
1st person *ʔurḫī / *ʔurḫVya *ʔurḫVni
2nd person m *ʔurḫVka *ʔurḫVkumā / *ʔurḫVkumay *ʔurḫVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔurḫVki *ʔurḫVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔurḫVšu *ʔurḫVšumā / *ʔurḫVšumay *ʔurḫVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔurḫVša *ʔurḫVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔurḫuya for nom. case, *ʔurḫiya for gen. case, *ʔurḫaya for acc. case, etc.

Femenine:

Declension of *ʔurḫ-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ʔurḫum *ʔurḫāna *ʔurḫātum
accusative *ʔurḫam *ʔurḫayna *ʔurḫātim
genitive *ʔurḫim
possessive forms
1st person *ʔurḫī / *ʔurḫVya *ʔurḫVni
2nd person m *ʔurḫVka *ʔurḫVkumā / *ʔurḫVkumay *ʔurḫVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔurḫVki *ʔurḫVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔurḫVšu *ʔurḫVšumā / *ʔurḫVšumay *ʔurḫVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔurḫVša *ʔurḫVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔurḫuya for nom. case, *ʔurḫiya for gen. case, *ʔurḫaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒌫𒄷𒌝 (urḫum)
  • West Semitic:

References

  • Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
  • Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN