Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕaḳrab-

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Afroasiatic

Noun

*ʕaḳrab- m

scorpion

Inflection

Declension of *ʕaḳrab-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ʕaḳrabum

*ʕaḳrabāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ʕaḳrabim

*ʕaḳrabayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ʕaḳrabam

possessive forms

1st person

*ʕaḳrabī / *ʕaḳrabVya

—

*ʕaḳrabVni

2nd person m

*ʕaḳrabVka

*ʕaḳrabVkumā / *ʕaḳrabVkumay

*ʕaḳrabVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ʕaḳrabVki

*ʕaḳrabVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ʕaḳrabVšu

*ʕaḳrabVšumā / *ʕaḳrabVšumay

*ʕaḳrabVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ʕaḳrabVša

*ʕaḳrabVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaḳrabuya for nom. case, *ʕaḳrabiya for gen. case, *ʕaḳrabaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕaḳrab-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʕaḳrabuka	*ʕaḳrabāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ʕaḳrabika	*ʕaḳrabayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ʕaḳrabaka	*ʕaḳrabayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕaḳrab-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʕaḳrabuki	*ʕaḳrabāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ʕaḳrabiki	*ʕaḳrabayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ʕaḳrabaki	*ʕaḳrabayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀝𒊏𒁍 (aqrabum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab)
    - Maltese: għakreb
    - Moroccan Arabic: عقرب (ʕaqrab)
    - → Armenian: աղրաբ (aġrab)
    - → Azerbaijani: əqrəb / әгрәб
    - → Khalaj: aqrab
    - → Persian: عقرب ('aqrab)
    - → Old Galician-Portuguese: alacran
      - Portuguese: lacrau, lacraia, alacrau, alacrara
    - → Old Spanish: alacran
      - Spanish: alacrán
        → Tagalog: alakdan
    - → Swahili: akrabu
    - → Ottoman Turkish: عقرب
      - Turkish: akrep
      - → Albanian: akrep
      - → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
      - → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)
    - → Uzbek: aqrab
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: עקרבא (‘eqarbā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܥܩܪܒܐ (‘eqarbā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: עקרב ('akráv, ʿaqrāḇ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb /⁠ʿqrb⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ዓቅራብ (ʿaḳrab)
  - Ge'ez: ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb), ዐቅራብ (ʿäḳrab), አቅረብ (ʾäḳräb), አቅራብ (ʾäḳrab)
  - Tigre: ዓርቀብ (ʿarḳäb), ዓርቃብ (ʿarḳab)
  - Tigrinya: ዕንቅርቢት (ʿənḳərbit)

References

Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN page 68