Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳarḳar-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Noun
*ḳarḳar- m or f
Inflection
Declension of *ḳarḳar-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ḳarḳarum | *ḳarḳarāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ḳarḳarim | *ḳarḳarayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ḳarḳaram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ḳarḳarī / *ḳarḳarVya | — | *ḳarḳarVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ḳarḳarVka | *ḳarḳarVkumā / *ḳarḳarVkumay | *ḳarḳarVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ḳarḳarVki | *ḳarḳarVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ḳarḳarVšu | *ḳarḳarVšumā / *ḳarḳarVšumay | *ḳarḳarVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ḳarḳarVša | *ḳarḳarVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḳarḳaruya for nom. case, *ḳarḳariya for gen. case, *ḳarḳaraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḳarḳar-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḳarḳar-
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Declension of *ḳarḳar-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ḳarḳarum | *ḳarḳarāna | *ḳarḳarātum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ḳarḳarim | *ḳarḳarayna | *ḳarḳarātim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ḳarḳaram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ḳarḳarī / *ḳarḳarVya | — | *ḳarḳarVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ḳarḳarVka | *ḳarḳarVkumā / *ḳarḳarVkumay | *ḳarḳarVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ḳarḳarVki | *ḳarḳarVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ḳarḳarVšu | *ḳarḳarVšumā / *ḳarḳarVšumay | *ḳarḳarVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ḳarḳarVša | *ḳarḳarVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḳarḳaruya for nom. case, *ḳarḳariya for gen. case, *ḳarḳaraya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḳarḳar-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḳarḳar-
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconstruction notes
Like *kabkab- (“star”), originally from a disyllabic root. In many reflexes a dissimilation *r-r > *r-ʕ occurred.
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒆠 (qaqqarum)
- West Semitic:
References
- Růžička, Rudolf (1909) “Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), volume VI, number 4, Leipzig · Baltimore: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung · The Johns Hopkins Press, page 17
- Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189