Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/-ay-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Likely cognate with Proto-Berber *-e.
Suffix
*-ay- f
- Used to create feminine forms of certain words.
Inflection
Declension of *-ay-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-ayum | *-ayāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *-ayim | *-ayayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *-ayam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *-ayī / *-ayVya | — | *-ayVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *-ayVka | *-ayVkumā / *-ayVkumay | *-ayVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *-ayVki | *-ayVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *-ayVšu | *-ayVšumā / *-ayVšumay | *-ayVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *-ayVša | *-ayVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *-ayuya for nom. case, *-ayiya for gen. case, *-ayaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *-ay-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *-ay-
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See also
- *-at- (much more common)
Descendants
Used to form the feminine of *ʕašt- (“one”); see feminine descendants there for some unproductive descendants.
Productive descendants:
- West Semitic:
References
- van Putten, Marijn (2018), "The feminine endings *-ay and *-āy in Semitic and Berber", Bulletin of SOAS 81:2, p. 205–225.