Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/laylay-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Noun
*laylay- m
Inflection
Declension of *laylay-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *laylayum | *laylayāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *laylayim | *laylayayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *laylayam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *laylayī / *laylayVya | — | *laylayVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *laylayVka | *laylayVkumā / *laylayVkumay | *laylayVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *laylayVki | *laylayVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *laylayVšu | *laylayVšumā / *laylayVšumay | *laylayVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *laylayVša | *laylayVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *laylayuya for nom. case, *laylayiya for gen. case, *laylayaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *laylay-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *laylay-
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Reconstruction notes
- Kogan reconstructs *layliy- to account for the Ge'ez form, whereas Fox reconstructs the reduplicated form *laylay- and the triradical form *layl- as coexisting in Proto-Semitic. Al-Jallad argues in favor of the reduplicated form underlying all the attested reflexes.
- A feminine by-form (likely a singulative) can be reconstructed at the level of Proto-Semitic, and underlies many of the descendant forms.
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- West Semitic:
- South Semitic:
References
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2020) "“Night” in Proto-Semitic and the emergence of a new nominal declension in Arabic" (not formally published)
- Fox, Joshua (2003) Semitic Noun Patterns, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN