Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔalp-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Numeral
| ← 100 | ← 200 | 1,000 | 2,000 → | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | ||||
| Cardinal: *ʔalp- | ||||
*ʔalp-
Declension
Declension of *ʔalp-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ʔalpum | *ʔalpāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ʔalpim | *ʔalpayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ʔalpam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ʔalpī / *ʔalpVya | — | *ʔalpVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ʔalpVka | *ʔalpVkumā / *ʔalpVkumay | *ʔalpVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ʔalpVki | *ʔalpVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ʔalpVšu | *ʔalpVšumā / *ʔalpVšumay | *ʔalpVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ʔalpVša | *ʔalpVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔalpuya for nom. case, *ʔalpiya for gen. case, *ʔalpaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔalp-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔalp-
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Usage notes
The term probably wasn’t strictly a certain number but meant an amount of about this number. In Ethiopian it tends to mean a myriad.
Descendants
- Central Semitic:
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: ʾalf, ʾāf
- Shehri: ʾelf, ʾɔf
- Soqotri: ʾalf
Noun
*ʔalp- m (plural *ʔalap-)
- head of cattle
Declension
Declension of *ʔalp-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ʔalpum | *ʔalpāna | *ʔalapūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ʔalpim | *ʔalpayna | *ʔalapīna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ʔalpam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ʔalpī / *ʔalpVya | — | *ʔalpVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ʔalpVka | *ʔalpVkumā / *ʔalpVkumay | *ʔalpVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ʔalpVki | *ʔalpVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ʔalpVšu | *ʔalpVšumā / *ʔalpVšumay | *ʔalpVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ʔalpVša | *ʔalpVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔalpuya for nom. case, *ʔalpiya for gen. case, *ʔalpaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔalp-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔalp-
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related terms
- *ʔalap- (“to be familiar with”, verb)
- *ʔallip- (“to tame, to domesticate; to familiarize, to instruct; to unite, to join”, verb)
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄞 (alpum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Modern South Arabian:
- Soqotri: ʾalf (“heifer”)