Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьto

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From *čь +‎ *-to, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (cf. *kʷis). Cognate with Lithuanian kìtas (“another, next”) and Latvian cits (“other, different”).

Pronoun

*čьto

  1. what (interrogative)

Declension

Declension of *čьto (pronominal, irregular)
All numbers Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative *kъto *čьto
Accusative *kъto *čьto
Genitive *kogo *česo
Locative *komь *čemь
Dative *komu *čemu
Instrumental *cěmь *čimь

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: чьто (čĭto)
      • Old Ruthenian: што (što), що (ščo), счо (sčo), что (čto)
        • Belarusian: што (što), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: што (što)
        • Ukrainian: що (ščo), шо (šo) (most western and some dialects of central Ukraine), што (što) (some dialects of western Ukraine), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive)
      • Russian: что (što), чё (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
    • Old Novgorodian: цьто (cĭto), цето (ceto), цто (cto), чьто (čĭto), что (čto)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čso
      • Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
    • Old Polish: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) czso, cso
      • Polish: co
      • Silesian: co
    • Slovak: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čo
    • Polabian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) cü
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
      • Slovincian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) cô
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
      • Upper Sorbian: što

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “что”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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