Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)apa
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *(j)apъ m
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ōp-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-.
Noun
Declension
Declension of *(j)apa (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *(j)apa | *(j)apě | *(j)apy |
| genitive | *(j)apy | *(j)apu | *(j)apъ |
| dative | *(j)apě | *(j)apama | *(j)apamъ |
| accusative | *(j)apǫ | *(j)apě | *(j)apy |
| instrumental | *(j)apojǫ, *(j)apǫ** | *(j)apama | *(j)apami |
| locative | *(j)apě | *(j)apu | *(j)apasъ, *(j)apaxъ* |
| vocative | *(j)apo | *(j)apě | *(j)apy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: апа (apa)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Church Slavonic: апа (apa) (Russian recension)
- Old Church Slavonic:
References
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apa?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
- ^ Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “внезапный”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 126: “*(й)апа, *(й)апъ ― *(j)apa, *(j)ap”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964) “внеза́пно”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 328
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*apati : *apěti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 157
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 72
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьz neapa / *jьz neapy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 9
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nejapьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 134
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*neza(j)apъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nezajapьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89