Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Nominal suffix of onomatopoeic origin, expressing muffling or resonant nuance to the specified sound. Exhibits parallels in other Indo-European languages, cf. English puff or English flop, however, no common ancestral origin could be established. Most of the derived terms with this ending were later grammaticized.

*-pъ m

1. From expressive or onomatopoeic interjections, forms onomatopoeic action nouns referring to the respective interjection

   Synonyms: *-skъ, *-kъ

   *tropъ (“stamp, step, dot”) ← *tropati (“to stamp, to pierce”) ← *xop-trop!

   *xlopъ (“knock, clap”) ← *xlopati (“to knock”) ← *xlop!

   *tupъ (“thump, flop”) ← *tupati (“to thump, to plump”) ← *tup-tup!

   *copъ (“sound of disturbed water”) ← *copnǫti (“to jump into water”) ← *cop!

Uncertain. There have been various ad hoc^[1][2] attempts to explain concrete derivatives.

Encountered as an extension to roots in parallel to resembling derivatives with other extensions, e.g.:

• Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”): compared^[3] with Proto-Slavic *glumъ, *gluxъ (“deaf”).
• Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”): compared^[4] with Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”), *vьrěti (“to brew, to boil”), *vьrlъ (“enraged, violent”) and forms related to Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”).

Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-pos, cf. Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”). Compare Lithuanian -ópas attested in Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”), savópas (“particular”), dvejópas (“binary”), etc.

*-pъ

1. Forms adjectives from roots:

   *sverěpъ (“wild, cruel”)

2. Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:

   *vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”),^[1] *vьrtьpъ (“cave; garden”) ← *vьrtъ (“turn, enclosure”) ← *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)

   *kъrľepъ (“tick”)^[2] ← *kъrľь (“stinger”)

   *snopъ (“bundle, sheaf”)^[5] ← *snuti (“warp”) (possibly)

3. Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:

   *skorupa (“shell, hull”) ← *skora (“bast, skin”)

   *gorupъ (“bittercress”) ← *gorьkъ (“bitter, hot”)

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrľь/*kъrľežь/*kъrľepъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 219