Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-, likely through *bʰérǵʰos (“hill”), whence also Proto-Germanic *bergaz. Closely related with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬵 (barəzah) and Old Armenian բերձ (berj).
Although Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰ is expected to yield Proto-Slavic *z, most linguists consider the word to be inherited. Vasmer suggests that there existed a variant of the root *bʰerǵʰ- with a depalatalised stem-final velar. A minority of scholars assume borrowing from either Germanic (e.g. Old High German berg) or a Venetic-Illyrian language. Per Derksen, this is possible but lacks a solid basis.
Noun
Inflection
Though it is traditionally reconstructed as a hard o-stem, Pronk-Tiethoff suggests that *bergъ was probably a u-stem instead, noting its accentuation and its reflexes found in Russian, e.g. the “second locative” na beregú and the adjective formation beregovój.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrga | *bȇrdzi |
| genitive | *bȇrga | *bergù | *bẽrgъ |
| dative | *bȇrgu | *bergomà | *bergòmъ |
| accusative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrga | *bȇrgy |
| instrumental | *bȇrgъmь, *bȇrgomь* | *bergomà | *bergý |
| locative | *bȇrdzě | *bergù | *berdzě̃xъ |
| vocative | *berže | *bȇrga | *bȇrdzi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrgy | *bȇrgove |
| genitive | *bȇrgu | *bergovù | *bergòvъ |
| dative | *bȇrgovi | *bergъmà | *bȇrgъmъ |
| accusative | *bȇrgъ | *bȇrgy | *bȇrgy |
| instrumental | *bȇrgъmь | *bergъmà | *bergъmì |
| locative | *bergú | *bergovù | *bȇrgъxъ |
| vocative | *bergu | *bȇrgy | *bȇrgove |
See also
Derived terms
- *bergatъ
- *bergovitъ
- *bergovъ
- *bergulja, *bergulica (“coastal swallow”)
- *bergyni (“coastal fairy, mermaid”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)
- Macedonian: брег (breg)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)
- → Albanian: breg
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “беріг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bȇrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37: “m. o (c) ‘bank’”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “bergъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 191
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “bergъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 203
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “bergъ -a”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 139f.; PR 137)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “берег”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 1889