Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьržava
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *dьržati (“to hold”) + *-ava.
Noun
*dьržava f
Usage notes
Most of the modern descendants have developed the meaning of country, state
Declension
Declension of *dьržava (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dьržava | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
| genitive | *dьržavy | *dьržavu | *dьržavъ |
| dative | *dьržavě | *dьržavama | *dьržavamъ |
| accusative | *dьržavǫ | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
| instrumental | *dьržavojǫ, *dьržavǫ** | *dьržavama | *dьržavami |
| locative | *dьržavě | *dьržavu | *dьržavasъ, *dьržavaxъ* |
| vocative | *dьržavo | *dьržavě | *dьržavy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “държава”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 461
Further Reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “держава”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress