Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dervo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

PIE word
*dóru

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dérwa, from Proto-Indo-European *derw-o-m.

Noun

*dȇrvo n^[1]^[2]^[3]

tree (as plant)
wood, twig, trunk (as material)
Synonyms: *xvojь, *xujь

Alternative forms

*drъvo (0-grade ablaut)

Declension

Declension of *dȇrvo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà
genitive	*dȇrva	*dervù	*dẽrvъ
dative	*dȇrvu	*dervomà	*dervòmъ
accusative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà
instrumental	dȇrvъmь, dȇrvomь^*	*dervomà	*dervý
locative	*dȇrvě	*dervù	*dervě̃xъ
vocative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvě	*dervà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *dȇrvo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà
genitive	*dȇrvese	*dervesù	*dervèsъ
dative	*dȇrvesi	*dervesьmà	*dervèsьmъ
accusative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà
instrumental	*dȇrvesьmь	*dervesьmà	*dervesý
locative	*dȇrvese	*dervesù	*dervèsьxъ
vocative	*dȇrvo	*dȇrvesi	*dervesà

While s-stem endings are well-attested in Old Church Slavonic, Derksen and Halla-aho both reconstruct *dervo as an o-stem.

Derived terms

as prefix *dervo-:
- *dervodělьje (“woodwork”)
  - *dervoděľa, *dervodělьcь (“woodworker”)
- *dervorězьba (“woodcarving”)
  - *dervorězьcь, *dervorězьbařь (“woodcrafter”)
- *dervosěkъ (“lumberjack”)
*dervьce, *dervьčę (diminutive)
*dervišče (“strong, thick tree”)
*dervakъ (“wooden pot, vessel”)
*dervějь (“yarrow”) (East Slavic)
*dervьnъ, *dervěnъ (“wooden”)
- *dervina (“thicket”)
- *dervьnikъ (“trunk”)
- *dervěnica (“maddock, bug”) (South Slavic)
*dervesьnъ (“treey, arboreal”)
- *dervesina (“wood (material)”)

Related terms

*drъmъ, *drъmъka (“shrub, bush”)
- *drъmъbъzъ
*drьkъ (“stem”)
- *drьkolь (“stick, club”)
*drynъ (“wooden stake, club”)
*sъdorvъ (“healthy, strong, vivid”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дерево (derevo)
  - Belarusian: дзе́рава (dzjérava)
  - Russian: де́рево (dérevo)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: де́рево (dérevo)
  - Ukrainian: де́рево (dérevo)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: дрѣво (drěvo)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰴⱃⱑⰲⱁ (drěvo)
  - → Russian: дре́во (drévo) (obsolete, literary)
  - → Belarusian: дрэ́ва (dréva)
- Bulgarian: дря́во (drjávo), дре́во (drévo) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: древо (drevo) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  - Cyrillic script: дре̑во, дрије̑во, дри̑во
  - Latin script: drȇvo, drijȇvo, drȋvo
- Slovene: drevọ̑ (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dřěvo
  - Czech: dřevo
- Old Polish: drzewo
  - Polish: drzewo
  - Silesian: drzewo
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: drzewò
  - Slovincian: drzêwô
- Old Slovak: drevo
  - Slovak: drevo
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: drjewo
  - Lower Sorbian: drjewo

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dȇrvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99: “n. o (c) ‘tree, wood’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “dervo dervese / derva”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 139, 150, 157, 188, 199; PR 138; RPT 85)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “drevo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dȇrvo”