Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/družьba
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dráugībāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-. Morphologically from *drugъ + *-ьba. Cognate with Latvian draudzība (“friendship”) (with g > dz via palatalization), Lithuanian draugybė (“friendship”).
Noun
*družьba f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *družьba | *družьbě | *družьby |
| genitive | *družьby | *družьbu | *družьbъ |
| dative | *družьbě | *družьbama | *družьbamъ |
| accusative | *družьbǫ | *družьbě | *družьby |
| instrumental | *družьbojǫ, *družьbǫ** | *družьbama | *družьbami |
| locative | *družьbě | *družьbu | *družьbasъ, *družьbaxъ* |
| vocative | *družьbo | *družьbě | *družьby |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*družьba”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 135