Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъrdъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Derksen reconstructs Proto-Balto-Slavic *gurˀdus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus, *gʷrd-o- (“slow, heavy, tired”), see also Lithuanian gurdùs, Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”), Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”).[1] The problem here is Slavic mobility with circumflex.
To ameliorate the problem, Matasović proposes to derive the word from an old compound *gʷrH-dʰh₁o, derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“'to express approval, praise'”) and Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“'to do, make, put'”), with the semantic shift of 'making praises' > 'haughty, prepotent' > 'proud'. An exact parallel of the form can also be found in Proto-Celtic *bardos (“'bard'”), whence also English bard.[2]
Adjective
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *gъrdъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdo |
| genitive | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| dative | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdu |
| accusative | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdǫ | *gъ̑rdo |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdomь | *gъ̑rdojǫ | *gъ̑rdomь |
| locative | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| vocative | *gъ̑rde | *gъ̑rdo | *gъ̑rdo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| genitive | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu |
| dative | *gъ̑rdoma | *gъ̑rdama | *gъ̑rdoma |
| accusative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdoma | *gъ̑rdama | *gъ̑rdoma |
| locative | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu | *gъ̑rdu |
| vocative | *gъ̑rda | *gъ̑rdě | *gъ̑rdě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gъ̑rdi | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| genitive | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdъ | *gъ̑rdъ |
| dative | *gъ̑rdomъ | *gъ̑rdamъ | *gъ̑rdomъ |
| accusative | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rdami | *gъ̑rdy |
| locative | *gъ̑rděxъ | *gъ̑rdaxъ | *gъ̑rděxъ |
| vocative | *gъ̑rdi | *gъ̑rdy | *gъ̑rda |
Definite declension of *gъrdъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rdoje |
| genitive | *gъ̑rdajego | *gъ̑rdyję̇ | *gъ̑rdajego |
| dative | *gъ̑rdujemu | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rdujemu |
| accusative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdǫjǫ | *gъ̑rdoje |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjimь | *gъ̑rdǫjǫ | *gъ̑rdyjimь |
| locative | *gъ̑rdějemь | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rdějemь |
| vocative | *gъ̑rdъjь | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rdoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| genitive | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju |
| dative | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima |
| accusative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima | *gъ̑rdyjima |
| locative | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju | *gъ̑rduju |
| vocative | *gъ̑rdaja | *gъ̑rději | *gъ̑rději |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *gъ̑rdiji | *gъ̑rdyję̇ | *gъ̑rdaja |
| genitive | *gъ̑rdъjixъ | *gъ̑rdъjixъ | *gъ̑rdъjixъ |
| dative | *gъ̑rdyjimъ | *gъ̑rdyjimъ | *gъ̑rdyjimъ |
| accusative | *gъ̑rdyję̇ | *gъ̑rdyję̇ | *gъ̑rdaja |
| instrumental | *gъ̑rdyjimi | *gъ̑rdyjimi | *gъ̑rdyjimi |
| locative | *gъ̑rdyjixъ | *gъ̑rdyjixъ | *gъ̑rdyjixъ |
| vocative | *gъ̑rdiji | *gъ̑rdyję̇ | *gъ̑rdaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “го́рдый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Sukac, R. (2014). Possibly related to Latin gurdus. Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and Balto-Slavic Accentology. United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 177
- ^ (Can we date this quote?), Ranko Matasović, “Seven Slavic etymologies: *ędro, *gъrdъ, *koristь, *kosъ, *myslь, *naglъ, *němъ”, in Perspectives of Slavonic Etymology:
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gъ̑rdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 198: “adj. o (c) ‘proud’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gъrdъ gъrda gъrdo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stolt (SA 111; PR 138)”