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It's not entirely clear why near-open -ae- was substituted with close *ь (*ĭ). On the one hand Simeonov proposed Thracian-related influence. On the other hand Skok and Shevelyov proposed that Vulgar Latingrecíscus was borrowed into *grьčьskъ first, with back-formation of *grьci and *grьčinъ, and only then *grьkъ.
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “грек”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grьkъ, *grьčinъ, *grьkyni”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 163