Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruzъ

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grauˀźas. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužas (“gravel, coarse sand”) (dialectally graũžas), Latvian gruži pl (“crushed stone”).

Noun

*gruzъ m

crushed stone

Declension

Declension of *gruzъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gruzъ	*gruza	*gruzi
genitive	*gruza	*gruzu	*gruzъ
dative	*gruzu	*gruzoma	*gruzomъ
accusative	*gruzъ	*gruza	*gruzy
instrumental	gruzъmь, gruzomь^*	*gruzoma	*gruzy
locative	*gruzě	*gruzu	*gruzěxъ
vocative	*gruze	*gruza	*gruzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*gruza (“lump”)
*gruzъlъ, *gruzъla (“lump of earth”)

Related terms

*gruda (“heap, lump”)
*gruzdь / *gruzdъ (“milk-cap mushroom”)
*gryzti (“to gnaw”)

Descendants

West Slavic:
- Kashubian: gruz, gruzgòt (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
- Old Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
  - Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken stone”), pl. gruzy (“ruins”), dial. grus
    - → Kashubian: gruzë, gruzgòtë (“ruins (calque)”)

Further reading

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gruzъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 158
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “груза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 286
“graužas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

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