Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lopata
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as *lopъ (“leaf”) + *-ata. Cognate with Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”).
Noun
*lopàta f[1]
Declension
Declension of *lopàta (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *lopàta | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
| genitive | *lopàty | *lopàtu | *lopàtъ |
| dative | *lopàtě | *lopàtama | *lopàtamъ |
| accusative | *lopàtǫ | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
| instrumental | *lopàtojǫ, *lopàtǭ** | *lopàtama | *lopàtamī |
| locative | *lopàtě | *lopàtu | *lopàtasъ, *lopàtaxъ* |
| vocative | *lopàto | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
Derived terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Albanian: lopatë
- → Aromanian: lupatã
- → Hungarian: lapát
- → Romanian: lopată
- → Early Proto-Slavic or Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapātā > Early Proto-Finnic: *lapita → Proto-Finnic: *lapida, *lapido
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lopata”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 39
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “лопата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “lopeta”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*lopàta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285: “f. ā ‘spade, shovel’”