Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pila
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *fį̄hlu or later Old Saxon fīla,[1] from Proto-Germanic *finhlō.
Possibly related in some manner to Lithuanian peĩlis (“knife”), pielà (“file”), Old Prussian peile (“razor”):
- Būga, Endzelīns: Baltic terms borrowed from Slavic or both directly from Germanic.
- Fraenkel: Baltic and Slavic terms - cognates of Balto-Slavic origin, possibly akin to Latin pīlum (“javeline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pey(s)-). At a later stage, semantically influenced by the Germanic terms.
Noun
Declension
Declension of *pīlà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *pīlà | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
| genitive | *pīlỳ | *pīlù | *pĩlъ |
| dative | *pīlě̀ | *pīlàma | *pīlàmъ |
| accusative | *pīlǫ̀ | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
| instrumental | *pīlòjǫ, *pĩlǫ** | *pīlàma | *pīlàmī |
| locative | *pīlě̀ | *pīlù | *pīlàsъ, *pīlàxъ* |
| vocative | *pilo | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *pilà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *pilà | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
| genitive | *pilý | *pilù | *pĩlъ |
| dative | *pilě̀ | *pilàma | *pilàmъ |
| accusative | *pȋlǫ | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
| instrumental | *pilojǫ́ | *pilàma | *pilàmi |
| locative | *pȋlě | *pilù | *pilàsъ, *pilàxъ* |
| vocative | *pilo | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *piliti (“to grind”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пила́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “пила”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 234
- “piela”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 152: “PSl. *pila ‘saw, file’ (f. ā-stem), ap B or C”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “pila pily”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c sav (PR 135)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “pila”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “prevzeta iz srvnem. vīle [...] Druga možnost [...] iz pslovan. *pila̋”