Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sivъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śī́ˀwas, continuing Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱiHwós, either from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”) or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old Prussian sijwan (“grey”).
Further akin to Old English hǣwе (“light blue, purple, grey, green”) from Proto-Germanic *hēwijaz, Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Sanskrit श्याव (śyāvá, “dark, dark brown”) (with e-grade stem).
Adjective
Inflection
Accent paradigm a.
Indefinite declension of *sivъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sivъ | *siva | *sivo |
| genitive | *siva | *sivy | *siva |
| dative | *sivu | *sivě | *sivu |
| accusative | *sivъ | *sivǫ | *sivo |
| instrumental | *sivomь | *sivojǫ | *sivomь |
| locative | *sivě | *sivě | *sivě |
| vocative | *sive | *sivo | *sivo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *siva | *sivě | *sivě |
| genitive | *sivu | *sivu | *sivu |
| dative | *sivoma | *sivama | *sivoma |
| accusative | *siva | *sivě | *sivě |
| instrumental | *sivoma | *sivama | *sivoma |
| locative | *sivu | *sivu | *sivu |
| vocative | *siva | *sivě | *sivě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sivi | *sivy | *siva |
| genitive | *sivъ | *sivъ | *sivъ |
| dative | *sivomъ | *sivamъ | *sivomъ |
| accusative | *sivy | *sivy | *siva |
| instrumental | *sivy | *sivami | *sivy |
| locative | *sivěxъ | *sivaxъ | *sivěxъ |
| vocative | *sivi | *sivy | *siva |
Definite declension of *sivъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sivъjь | *sivaja | *sivoje |
| genitive | *sivajego | *sivyję̇ | *sivajego |
| dative | *sivujemu | *sivěji | *sivujemu |
| accusative | *sivъjь | *sivǫjǫ | *sivoje |
| instrumental | *sivyjimь | *sivǫjǫ | *sivyjimь |
| locative | *sivějemь | *sivěji | *sivějemь |
| vocative | *sivъjь | *sivaja | *sivoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *sivaja | *sivěji | *sivěji |
| genitive | *sivuju | *sivuju | *sivuju |
| dative | *sivyjima | *sivyjima | *sivyjima |
| accusative | *sivaja | *sivěji | *sivěji |
| instrumental | *sivyjima | *sivyjima | *sivyjima |
| locative | *sivuju | *sivuju | *sivuju |
| vocative | *sivaja | *sivěji | *sivěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *siviji | *sivyję̇ | *sivaja |
| genitive | *sivъjixъ | *sivъjixъ | *sivъjixъ |
| dative | *sivyjimъ | *sivyjimъ | *sivyjimъ |
| accusative | *sivyję̇ | *sivyję̇ | *sivaja |
| instrumental | *sivyjimi | *sivyjimi | *sivyjimi |
| locative | *sivyjixъ | *sivyjixъ | *sivyjixъ |
| vocative | *siviji | *sivyję̇ | *sivaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
See also
| *bělъ (of animals) *bronъ |
*sivъ, *śěrъ, *śědъ | *čьrnъ, *smaglъ, *smǫglъ (of animals) *vornъ, *galъ |
| *čьrvenъ, *ryďь, *ruměnъ | *rudъ, *granivъ; *smědъ (of animals) *gnědъ |
*žьltъ (of animals) *solvъ; *polvъ |
| *zelenъ | *zelenъ, *grěnъ | |
| *polvъ | *siňь; *modrъ | |
| *slivъ | *bagrъ |
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сивый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Skok, Petar (1973) “Proto-Slavic/sivъ”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 246
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “сивий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сив”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 633
- Comrie, Bernard and Cordett, Creville C. The Slavonic Languages. 1993.
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sìvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “adj. o (a) ‘grey’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “sȋv”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*si̋vъ”