Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skǫpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear:
- Brückner (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): From the root of *ščeměti (“to pinch, to ache; to yearn”), *skomiti (“to ache”) + *-pъ.
- Mladenov: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) + *-ǫpъ (mp-stem), analogous to Proto-Slavic *krǫpъ (“stocky, bulky”) from synonymous *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Per Loewenthal, may be akin to Proto-Slavic *šępa (“handful”) (whence Bulgarian ше́па (šépa)), Old Church Slavonic охѫпити (oxǫpiti, “to seize, to grasp”).
Adjective
- expensive, valuable, overpriced (for a merchandise)
- stingy (for a person)
- Synonym: *skrędzь
Declension
Indefinite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *skǫpъ | *skǫpa | *skǫpo |
| genitive | *skǫpa | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| dative | *skǫpu | *skǫpě | *skǫpu |
| accusative | *skǫpъ | *skǫpǫ | *skǫpo |
| instrumental | *skǫpomь | *skǫpojǫ | *skǫpomь |
| locative | *skǫpě | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| vocative | *skǫpe | *skǫpo | *skǫpo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| genitive | *skǫpu | *skǫpu | *skǫpu |
| dative | *skǫpoma | *skǫpama | *skǫpoma |
| accusative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| instrumental | *skǫpoma | *skǫpama | *skǫpoma |
| locative | *skǫpu | *skǫpu | *skǫpu |
| vocative | *skǫpa | *skǫpě | *skǫpě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *skǫpi | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| genitive | *skǫpъ | *skǫpъ | *skǫpъ |
| dative | *skǫpomъ | *skǫpamъ | *skǫpomъ |
| accusative | *skǫpy | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
| instrumental | *skǫpy | *skǫpami | *skǫpy |
| locative | *skǫpěxъ | *skǫpaxъ | *skǫpěxъ |
| vocative | *skǫpi | *skǫpy | *skǫpa |
Definite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpaja | *skǫpoje |
| genitive | *skǫpajego | *skǫpyję̇ | *skǫpajego |
| dative | *skǫpujemu | *skǫpěji | *skǫpujemu |
| accusative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpǫjǫ | *skǫpoje |
| instrumental | *skǫpyjimь | *skǫpǫjǫ | *skǫpyjimь |
| locative | *skǫpějemь | *skǫpěji | *skǫpějemь |
| vocative | *skǫpъjь | *skǫpaja | *skǫpoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| genitive | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju |
| dative | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima |
| accusative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| instrumental | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima | *skǫpyjima |
| locative | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju | *skǫpuju |
| vocative | *skǫpaja | *skǫpěji | *skǫpěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *skǫpiji | *skǫpyję̇ | *skǫpaja |
| genitive | *skǫpъjixъ | *skǫpъjixъ | *skǫpъjixъ |
| dative | *skǫpyjimъ | *skǫpyjimъ | *skǫpyjimъ |
| accusative | *skǫpyję̇ | *skǫpyję̇ | *skǫpaja |
| instrumental | *skǫpyjimi | *skǫpyjimi | *skǫpyjimi |
| locative | *skǫpyjixъ | *skǫpyjixъ | *skǫpyjixъ |
| vocative | *skǫpiji | *skǫpyję̇ | *skǫpaja |
Derived terms
- *skǫpiti (“to get expensive, to be stingy”)
- *skǫpěrь/*skǫpěrinъ, *skǫpařь, *skǫpuxъ (“cheapskate”)
- *skǫpьcь, *skǫpьči (“merchant who sells at expensive price”)
- *skǫpostь, *skǫpьje (“overpricing, expensiveness”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “скупо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “скъп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 817
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “skǫpъ skǫpa skǫpo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b gerrig, dyr (PR 136)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “skop”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *skǫ̑pъ”