Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ukrajina
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *ukràjь + *-ina, from *u- + *kràjь.
Noun
*ukràjina f
Declension
Declension of *ukràjina (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ukràjina | *ukrajině | *ukrajiny |
| genitive | *ukrajiny | *ukrajinu | *ukrajinъ |
| dative | *ukrajině | *ukrajinama | *ukrajinamъ |
| accusative | *ukrajinǫ | *ukrajině | *ukrajiny |
| instrumental | *ukrajinojǫ, *ukrajinǫ** | *ukrajinama | *ukrajinami |
| locative | *ukrajině | *ukrajinu | *ukrajinasъ, *ukrajinaxъ* |
| vocative | *ukràjino | *ukrajině | *ukrajiny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: укра́ина (ukráina)
- Old Ruthenian: укра́ина (ukráina), вкра́ина (vkráina)
- ⇒ Russian: Украи́на (Ukraína), Укра́йна (Ukrájna) — dated, rare
- → Ainu: ウㇰライナ
- → Avar: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Bashkir: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Buryat: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Catalan: Ucraïna
- → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
- → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
- → Chuvash: Украина (Ukraina)
- → English: Ukraine, Ukrain, Ukrainia, Ukrania, Ucrania (all obsolete)
- → Assamese: ইউক্ৰেইন (iukrein)
- → Bengali: ইউক্রেন (iukren)
- → Cherokee: ᏯᎧᏪᏂ (yakaweni), ᏳᎬᎳᎢᏅ (yugvlainv)
- → Chinese: 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
- → Vietnamese: Ô Khắc Lan
- → Dhivehi: ޔުކްރެއިން (yuk̊rein̊)
- → Gujarati: યૂક્રેઇન (yūkreina)
- → Hawaiian: ʻUkelena
- → Hindi: यूक्रेन (yūkren)
- → Kannada: ಯುಕ್ರೇನ್ (yukrēn)
- → Malay: Ukraine
- → Malayalam: യുക്രെയിൻ (yukreyiṉ)
- → Maori: Ūkareinga
- → Marathi: युक्रेन (yukren)
- → Nepali: युक्रेन (yukrena)
- → Odia: ୟୁକ୍ରେନ (yukrena)
- → Punjabi: ਯੂਕ੍ਰੇਨ (yūkren)
- → Samoan: 'Iukureini
- → Sinhalese: යුක්රේන් (yukrēn)
- → Telugu: ఉక్రెయిన్ (ukreyin)
- → Thai: ยูเครน (yuu-kreen)
- → Tigrinya: ዩክረይን (yukräyn)
- → Tongan: ʻIukuleini
- → Ukrainian: Юкре́йн (Jukréjn)
- → Urdu: یُوکْرین (yūkren)
- → Yoruba: Yukíréènì
- → French: Ukraine
- → Finnish: Ukraina
- → Ingrian: Ukraina
- → Kabardian: Украинэ (Wukrajinɛ)
- → Karachay-Balkar: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Kazakh: Украинӕ
- → Komi-Permyak: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Komi-Zyrian: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Korean: 우크라이나 (ukeuraina)
- → Kyrgyz: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Mongolian:
- → Ossetian: Украинӕ (Ukrainæ)
- → Tatar: Украина (Uqraina)
- → Tuvan: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Uyghur:
- → Yakut: Украина (Ukraina)
- → Vietnamese: U-crai-na
- Old East Slavic: укра́ина (ukráina)
- West Slavic:
- >? Polish: ukraina (dialectal)
Further reading
- Luchyk, V. V. (2014) “Украї́на”, in Етимологічний словник топонімів України [Etymological Dictionary of Toponyms of Ukraine] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Academy, →ISBN, page 485
- Stryzhak, O. S., editor (1985), “Ꙋкраина”, in Етимологічний словник літописних географічних назв Південної Русі [Etymological Dictionary of Chronicle Geographical Names of Southern Rus'] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 165
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “Украї́на”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 28
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “украї́на; Украї́на”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 1075
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “Украи́на”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress