Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/velěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wel- / *welˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Cognate with Old Lithuanian velti (“to allow”), 1sg. velmi, Latin volō (“to want”), inf. velle, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan, “to want”), English will, Sanskrit वृणाति (vṛṇā́ti, “to choose, to prefer”), Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬉 (vər^əntē, “to choose, to prefer”), Welsh gwell (“better”), Ancient Greek ἔλδομαι (éldomai, “to wish”).

Verb

*velě̀ti

to want
to order

Inflection

Conjugation of *velěti, *velě, *velitь (?, -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*velěnьje	*velěti	*velětъ	*velělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*velěnъ	*velimъ
Active	*velěvъ	*velę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*velěxъ	*velě	*velě	*veľǫ	*veliši	*velitь
Dual	*velěxově	*velěsta	*velěste	*velivě	*velita	*velite
Plural	*velěxomъ	*velěste	*velěšę	*velimъ	*velite	*velętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*velěaxъ	*velěaše	*velěaše	—	*veli	*veli
Dual	*velěaxově	*velěašeta	*velěašete	*velivě	*velita	—
Plural	*velěaxomъ	*velěašete	*velěaxǫ	*velimъ	*velite	—

Related terms

*dovьlěti (“to suffice”)
*velь (“big, great”)
*velьmi (“very”)
*velìkъ, *velьkъ (“big, great”)
*voliti (“to wish, to choose”)
*volьnъ (“free”)
*vòľa (“will”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: велѣти (velěti)
  - Old Ruthenian: велѣти (velěti)
    - Ukrainian: велі́ти (velíty)
  - Russian: веле́ть (velétʹ), 1sg. велю́ (veljú), 3sg. вели́т (velít)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: велѣти (velěti), 1sg. велѭ (veljǫ)
  
  Glagolitic script:
- Bulgarian: ве́ля (vélja), ве́лям (véljam) (dialectal)
  - ⇒ Bulgarian: повеля̀вам (poveljàvam)
- Macedonian: вели (veli)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: 1sg. вѐлӣм (“I say”)
  
  Latin: 1sg. vèlīm (“I say”)
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): 3sg. velĩ (“(he) says”)
- Slovene: velẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. velím (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: veleti
  - Czech: velet
- Old Polish: wielić (“to command”)
- Slovak: veliť

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “веле́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “веле́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 139