Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъmeľь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
In all likelihood related with Proto-West Germanic *humilō, of uncertain origin, but assumed to be of Finnic/Uralic origin, as the Finno-Ugric tribes were the first to use hops for beer.. Compare Old English hymele, Middle Low German hōmel, Old Norse humli, Medieval Latin humulus. However, the direction of borrowing (Germanic > Slavic or vice versa) is uncertain.
Further theories connect it with either Iranian or Turkic; compare Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Proto-Turkic *kumlak respectively.
Noun
- hop (plant)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xъmeľь | *xъmeľa | *xъmeľi |
| genitive | *xъmeľa | *xъmeľu | *xъmeľь |
| dative | *xъmeľu | *xъmeľema | *xъmeľemъ |
| accusative | *xъmeľь | *xъmeľa | *xъmeľę̇ |
| instrumental | *xъmeľьmь, *xъmeľemь* | *xъmeľema | *xъmeľi |
| locative | *xъmeľi | *xъmeľu | *xъmeľixъ |
| vocative | *xъmeľu | *xъmeľa | *xъmeľi |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *xъmelьnъ
- *xъmelina
- *xъmelišče (“field with hop”)
- *xъmeliti (“to spice a drink with hop”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Greek: χούμελη (choúmeli)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хмель”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xъmelь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
References
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “hop2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hmẹ̑lj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*xъmel'ь̏”