Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xapati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.

Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti (“to grab”) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti.

*xāpàti impf (perfective *xapnǫti)^[1][2]

1. to seize, to snatch, to snap (in West, East Slavic; Slovene)
2. to bite (in South Slavic)

   Synonym: *gryzati

• *jьzxapati
• *zaxapati
• *naxapati
• *oxapati
• *otъxapati
• *perxapati
• *poxapati
• *xapъka (“bite”) (in South Slavic)
• *xapъkъ (“gainful, lucrative”)

• *xopiti (“to grasp”)
• *čapati (“to peck, to strike off”)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: хапати (xapati, “to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample”) (11th century; accent paradigm b)
    • Belarusian: хапа́ць (xapácʹ, “to grab”)
    • Russian: ха́пать (xápatʹ, “to seize, to grab”)
    • Ukrainian: хапа́ти (xapáty, “to seize, to steal, to grab”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: хапати (xapati, “to bite”), хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, “(while) biting”, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)

  • Bulgarian: ха́пя (hápja, “to bite”)
  • Macedonian: апе (ape, “to bite”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: апати (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

    Latin script: apati (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

  • Slovene: hȃpati (“to snap, (reflexive) to seize”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: chápat (“to grasp, to understand, to seize”)
  • Polish: chapać (“to seize”)
    • → Yiddish: כאַפּן (khapn)
  • Slovak: сháраť (“to understand”)
  • Slovincian: chapac (“to seize”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: chapjaś

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ха́пать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 333
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xapati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 18
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ха́пать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress