Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zęti

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemb-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ-, and cognate with Lithuanian žem̃bti (“to sharpen, to cut slantwise”), Sanskrit जम्भते (jámbhate, “to snatch”), जम्भयति (jámbhayati, “to crush”). Suggested semantic development is cut > bite > frostbite > freeze. Vasmer generally agrees, and adds Albanian dhëmp (“painful”) as a cognate. Derksen further suggests a possible connection with *zǫbъ (“tooth”), in which case many other words are cognate, e.g. Sanskrit जम्भ (jámbha, “tooth”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “pin, nail”), English comb.

Verb

*zęti

  1. to freeze?

Inflection

Conjugation of *zęti, *zębe, *zębetь (?, -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*zębenьje *zęti *zętъ *zęblъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *zębenъ *zębomъ
Active *zębъ *zęby
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *zęb(ox)ъ *zębe *zębe *zębǫ *zębeši *zębetь
Dual *zęb(ox)ově *zęb(e/os)ta *zęb(e/os)te *zębevě *zębeta *zębete
Plural *zęb(ox)omъ *zęb(e/os)te *zębǫ, *zębošę *zębemъ *zębete *zębǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *zęběaxъ *zęběaše *zęběaše — *zębi *zębi
Dual *zęběaxově *zęběašeta *zęběašete *zęběvě *zęběta —
Plural *zęběaxomъ *zęběašete *zęběaxǫ *zęběmъ *zęběte —

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зя́бнуть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 332
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*zęti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 543
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зя́бнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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