Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ězъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*ězь, *ěžь, *ěza, *ěža, *ezъ, *eža

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēźas, *eźas, *eź(j)is, *eź(j)āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ-os, *h₁éǵʰ-(y)is, *h₁éǵʰ-(y)eh₂, from *h₁éǵʰ-. Cognate with Latvian eža (“boundary(-strip), balk”), Lithuanian ežià (“boundary(-strip), balk”), Old Prussian asy (“boundary(-strip), balk”).

Noun

*ězъ m

weir

Declension

Declension of *ězъ (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ězъ	*ěza	*ězi
genitive	*ěza	*ězu	*ězъ
dative	*ězu	*ězoma	*ězomъ
accusative	*ězъ	*ěza	*ězy
instrumental	ězъmь, ězomь^*	*ězoma	*ězy
locative	*ězě	*ězu	*ězěxъ
vocative	*ěze	*ěza	*ězi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*ězina
*ěziti
*ězъkъ
*ězьskъ
- East Slavic:
  - ⇒ Old Novgorodian: Ѣзьске (Jězĭske) (toponym)

Related terms

*ezero, *ezerъ

Descendants

From *ě̑zъ m:

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ѣзъ (jězŭ), ѥзъ (jezŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: ѣзъ (jěz), ꙗзъ (jaz), єзъ (jez)
    - Belarusian: яз (jaz); ез (jez) (dialectal)
    - Ukrainian: яз (jaz); їз (jiz), єз (jez), в'їз (vʺjiz) (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Old Ruthenian: Єзучъ (Jezuč) (hydronym)
  - Russian: ез (jez), ёз (joz), яз (jaz) (dialectal)
- Old Novgorodian: ѣзе (jěze)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Church Slavonic: ѣзъ (jězŭ), ѥзъ (jezŭ) (Russian); ꙗзь (jazĭ) (Serbian)
  - Bulgarian: яз (jaz)
  - Macedonian: јаз (jaz)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ја̑з, је̑з
  
  Latin script: jȃz, jȇz
- Slovene: jẹ̑z (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Lechitic:
  - Old Polish: jaz
    - Polish: jaz
  - Polabian: jaz
  - Pomeranian:
    - Kashubian: jaz
- Old Czech: jěz, jaz
  - Czech: jez
- Old Slovak: jaz
  - Slovak: jaz, jez (dialectal)
- Old Sorbian: jěz

From *ěza̋, *ěža̋ f:

East Slavic:
- Ukrainian: і́за (íza), я́за (jáza) (dialectal)
- Russian: еза́ (jezá), ежа́ (ježá) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: је̏жа, ја̑жа, ја́жа; језа (archaic)
  
  Latin script: jȅža, jȃža, jáža; jeza (archaic)
- Slovene: jẹ́ža (tonal orthography)

From *ě̑zь, *ě̑žь m:

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: ѣзь (jězʹ)
  - Ukrainian: язь (jazʹ) (dialectal)
- Russian: еж (jež), ёж (jož), есь (jesʹ) (dialectal)
- Old Novgorodian:
  - → Russian: иж (iž) (dialectal, Arkhangelsk)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ја̑ж (dialectal)
  
  Latin script: jȃž (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Lechitic:
  - Polish: jaź (dialectal)

References

^ * Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ězъ; *ěžь; *ěža; *ezъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155: “m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o ‘weir’”

Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ězъ 1”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 166
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ězь 1”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 168
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ěža 1”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 168
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ězъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 59
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěža/*ěžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 60
Anikin, A. E. (2021) “еж”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 277
Anikin, A. E. (2021) “ез I”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 284
Anikin, A. E. (2021) “еза́”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 286
Anikin, A. E. (2021) “ези́ть”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 292

[1] * Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ězъ; *ěžь; *ěža; *ezъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155: “m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o ‘weir’”